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DUKAS_187913130_NUR
India Independence Day Celebrations In Toronto, Canada
A ''Buy Canadian'' sign is displayed with the CN Tower in the background during India's 79th Independence Day Parade at Nathan Phillips Square in Toronto, Canada, on August 17, 2025. (Photo by Arrush Chopra/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187818622_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Jaipur
An illuminated view of the historical Albert Hall Museum on the eve of the 79th Independence Day in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187818619_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Jaipur
An illuminated view of the historical Albert Hall Museum on the eve of the 79th Independence Day in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187818610_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Jaipur
An illuminated view of the historical Albert Hall Museum on the eve of the 79th Independence Day in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187818598_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Jaipur
An illuminated view of the historical Albert Hall Museum on the eve of the 79th Independence Day in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187818573_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Jaipur
An illuminated view of the Rajasthan Assembly on the eve of the 79th Independence Day in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812578_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812575_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812572_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812569_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812320_NUR
India Celebrates 79th Independence Day
The 42 is illuminated with India's national flag on the eve of the country's 79th Independence Day in Kolkata, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Debajyoti Chakraborty/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812647_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister Prem Chand Bairwa, along with other leaders, salutes the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812646_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, former Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot talks to media persons after the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812645_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
Muslim students participate in a tricolor rally during the 79th Independence Day celebration in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812644_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
Muslim students participate in a tricolor rally during the 79th Independence Day celebration in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812643_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
Muslim students participate in a tricolor rally during the 79th Independence Day celebration in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812642_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister Prem Chand Bairwa, along with other leaders, salutes the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812641_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
Muslim students participate in a tricolor rally during the 79th Independence Day celebration in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812640_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Leader of Opposition Tikaram Jully, former Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot, and other leaders salute the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812639_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
Muslim students participate in a tricolor rally during the 79th Independence Day celebration in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812637_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812633_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Ambassador of India to Nepal Naveen Srivastava attends an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812632_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Ambassador of India to Nepal Naveen Srivastava attends an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812631_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812627_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister Prem Chand Bairwa, along with other leaders, salutes the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812626_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister Prem Chand Bairwa, along with other leaders, salutes the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812624_NUR
79th Independence Day In Jaipur
In Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, on August 15, 2025, Rajasthan Deputy Chief Minister Prem Chand Bairwa, along with other leaders, salutes the national flag during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Badi Chaupar. (Photo by Vishal Bhatnagar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812618_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812617_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812616_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812615_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812614_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812613_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812612_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812611_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812610_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187812609_NUR
Indian Artists Perform Kathakali Dance On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists perform the traditional Kathakali Dance during an event organized in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that exist in the southern region of India in ancient times. (Photo by Sanjit Pariyar/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807707_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807704_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807682_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807680_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Indian army officials display weapons to a school student during the 79th Independence Day celebration at Nurul Amin Stadium in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807678_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807676_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807674_NUR
79th Independence Day Celebration In Assam
Students participate in the 79th Independence Day celebration at the waterlogged Nurul Amin Stadium after heavy rain in Nagaon District, Assam, India, on August 15, 2025. (Photo by Anuwar Hazarika/NurPhoto) -
DUKAS_187807101_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
DUKAS_187807098_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
DUKAS_187807095_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
DUKAS_187807092_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
DUKAS_187807087_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
DUKAS_187807082_NUR
Indian Performers Stage Kathakali Dance In Nepal On 79th Independence Day Of India
Indian artists led by N. Ramankutty perform Kathakali, a traditional dance performed especially in the Indian state of Kerala, in Lalitpur, Nepal, on August 15, 2025, on the occasion of the 79th Independence Day of India. Kathakali, as a dance form popular today, evolves from many social and religious theatrical forms that existed in the southern region of India in ancient times. Kathakali is a blend of dance, music, and acting and dramatizes stories, which are mostly adapted from the Indian epics. It is a stylized art form where the four aspects of abhinaya--angika, aharya, vachika, satvika--and the nritta, nritya, and natya aspects are combined perfectly. The dancer expresses themselves through codified hasta-mudras and facial expressions, closely following the verses that are sung. Kathakali derives its textual sanction from Balarama Bharatam and Hastalakshana Deepika. Kathakali is a visual art where aharya, costume, and make-up are suited to the characters, as per the tenets laid down in the Natya Shastra. The characters are grouped under certain clearly defined types like the pacha, kathi, thadi, kari, or minukku. The face of the artist is painted to appear as though a mask is worn. The lips, eyelashes, and eyebrows are made to look prominent. A mixture of rice paste and lime is applied to make the chutti on the face, which highlights the facial make-up. Kathakali dance is chiefly interpretative. The characters in a Kathakali performance are broadly divided into satvika, rajasika, and tamasika types. Satvika characters are noble, heroic, generous, and refined. In pacha, green color dominates, and kirita (headgear) is worn by all. Krishna and Rama wear special crowns decorated with peacock feathers. The noble characters like Indra, Arjun, and the Devas are some of the pacha characters. The kathi type depicts anti-heroes. Though they are of the rajasika category, they are sometimes great warriors and scholars such as Ravana, Kamsa, and Sisupala, to name a few. -
