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DUKAS_16891795_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers stand atop the massive kiln, or oven, where the bricks are baked to hardness. The fire is stoked through the holes, at right. The kiln is so hot that the men can heat their tea kettles on it. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Kiln workers standing atop of the massive kiln to bake bricks. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891794_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. The younger brother has a fever and is ill. The brothers and their family work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. (Like many Afghans, they use just one name.) The children that work here are exposed to some of the highest rates of pneumonia and respiratory illnesses in the world, according to UNICEF, as a result of breathing dust and smoke from the kilns. If the illness is expensive, the family will have to borrow more money from the kiln owner to whom they are already indebted. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_16891792_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. The younger brother has a fever and is ill. The brothers and their family work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. (Like many Afghans, they use just one name.) The children that work here are exposed to some of the highest rates of pneumonia and respiratory illnesses in the world, according to UNICEF, as a result of breathing dust and smoke from the kilns. If the illness is expensive, the family will have to borrow more money from the kiln owner to whom they are already indebted. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891791_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old and his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old The brothers work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. Naqibullah is taking his younger brother, who is quite sick, to the hospital. Here he shows the scar where his brother had an earlier operation. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah is taking his younger brother, who is quite sick, to the hospital. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891790_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. The younger brother has a fever and is ill. The brothers and their family work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. (Like many Afghans, they use just one name.) The children that work here are exposed to some of the highest rates of pneumonia and respiratory illnesses in the world, according to UNICEF, as a result of breathing dust and smoke from the kilns. If the illness is expensive, the family will have to borrow more money from the kiln owner to whom they are already indebted. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891789_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. The younger brother has a fever and is ill. The brothers and their family work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. (Like many Afghans, they use just one name.) The children that work here are exposed to some of the highest rates of pneumonia and respiratory illnesses in the world, according to UNICEF, as a result of breathing dust and smoke from the kilns. If the illness is expensive, the family will have to borrow more money from the kiln owner to whom they are already indebted. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891788_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: A kiln worker returns home at the end of the day. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///A kiln worker returns home at the end of the day.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891787_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers, including a young boy who works in the kiln, return home at the end of the day. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Kiln workers, including a young boy who works in the kiln, return home at the end of the day. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891786_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Men gather at sunset and describe their exploitation by the bosses at the kiln. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Afghan men gather at sunset and describe their exploitation by the bosses at the kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891785_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: The workers in kiln yards are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continure working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///Afghanistan kiln yard at sunset. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891784_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Neyaz Mohammed, 8-years-old and Nick Mohammed, 18-years-old brothers, work together in the brick kilns with their father and two other brothers. The family is heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. Nick, right, the older brother left at 18 and joined the Afghan Army but the owners threatened the family with eviction and a call in on the loan. Nick was forced to return to work off the loan. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Two young Afghan brothers work in a kiln yard. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891783_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Workers at a brick kiln in Surkhrod District. Here they line up for their pay from the bosses who keep their debts in a hand-written book. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continure working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///Workers at a brick kiln in Surkhrod District line up to receive pay. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891782_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Neyaz Mohammed, 8-years-old The boy works in the kilns with his father and three other brothers. He started working full time at 7-years-old He works 12 hours many days and does not go to school. The family is heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. Their older brother left at 18 but the owners threatened the family with eviction and a call in on the loan, the family brought the older brother back. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///A young 8 eight-year-old boy working in a kiln yard. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891781_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers keep warm on a cold winter morning atop the massive kiln, or oven, where the bricks are baked to hardness. The kiln is so hot that the men can heat their tea kettles on it. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Kiln workers keep warm on a cold winter morning atop the massive kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891780_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers stand atop the massive kiln, or oven, where the bricks are baked to hardness. The fire is stoked through the holes, at right. The kiln is so hot that the men can heat their tea kettles on it. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Kiln workers standing atop of the massive kiln to bake bricks. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891779_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Hazrat 12-years-old and Nick Mohammed, 18-years-old brothers, work together in the brick kilns with their father and two other brothers. The family is heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. Nick, right, the older brother left at 18 and joined the Afghan Army but the owners threatened the family with eviction and a call in on the loan. Nick was forced to return to work off the loan. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Two young Afghan brothers work in a kiln yard. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891778_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2012, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. The younger brother has a fever and is ill. The brothers and their family work in the brick kilns and are indebted to the owners. (Like many Afghans, they use just one name.) The children that work here are exposed to some of the highest rates of pneumonia and respiratory illnesses in the world, according to UNICEF, as a result of breathing dust and smoke from the kilns. If the illness is expensive, the family will have to borrow more money from the kiln owner to whom they are already indebted. The kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An Afghan boy, Naqibullah 20-years-old carries his younger brother Hamidullah 8-years-old to a doctor's office. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071405_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071403_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071401_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071400_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071399_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071396_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071392_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: Marines and Afghan soliders wait for the explosion as an explosives disposal team destroys a 30 lbs bomb found in a footpath outside the platoons base. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071391_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: Marines leave the wire, they will find an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) about 100 yards from where this photo was taken. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_17071388_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: Marines take up overwatch positions moments after an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) has been found on their path. Explosives disposal team was called in to destroy the bomb. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071387_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: A US Marine goes over a map with his Afghan counterparts; seven Afghan soldiers will accompany the Marines on patrol. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071386_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: A local villager comes to the base to give information about Taliban in the village and an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) that has been emplaced to ambush the US troops when they go on patrol. The Marines are slowly winning the trust of locals as the mount patrols. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_17071385_POL
Marines on the move in Helmand
January 13, 2011, Sangin, Helmand, Afghanistan: An EOD ( Explosives Ordinance Disposal ) technician attached to India Company, center, and Marines and Afghan soldiers moments after EOD destroyed a bomb laid in a footpath, the smoke at rear is from the explosion. US Marines from 1st Platoon, India Company, 3/5 Marines on patrol today in Helmand District. They do now know the name of the village they are patrolling. They call it "the fish tank." They found an IED ( Improvised Explosive Device ) 100 yards outside their base here. They have been attacked almost daily with IEDs and small arms and have suffered nearly 25% casualties in their four months here. They continue to patrol daily and push the enemy back from his areas of influence. They have greatly expanded the Marines coverage by establishing Patrol Base Bariolai where they live under very rudimentary conditions with no running water and little heat.. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891776_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continure working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///Children play in the kiln on their day off. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891775_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Workers at a brick kiln in Surkhrod District. The man at left is 18-years-old, he explains that he looks much older having spent his youth working in the kilns. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continure working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///Workers at a brick kiln in Surkhrod District. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891774_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Dawn at a brick kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_16891773_POL
Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Neyaz Mohammed, 8-years-old The boy works in the kilns with his father and three other brothers. The family is heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. Their older brother left at 18 but the owners threatened the family with eviction and a call in on the loan, the family brought the older brother back. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///A young 8-year-old boy takes a brake from working in the kilm. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Neyaz and his brother Gul Mohammed, 8-years-old and 7-years-old respectively (Gul on left is 7) The boys work in the kilns with their father who is heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. Their older brother left at 18 but the owners threatened the family with eviction and a call in on the loan, the family brought the older brother back. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Two young boys brothers work in the kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Zar Mohammed, 55-years-old works in the kiln with his four sons, the youngest only 7-years-old They are heavily in debt to the kiln owners and cannot leave the kiln. HIs oldest son left at 18 but the owners forced Mr. Mohammed to bring him back. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///An old man, Zar Mohammed, 55-years-old works in the kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 7, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continure working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///The brick kiln at dusk. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///A girl of about nine-years-old works in the kiln. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Kiln workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. As they fall further behind in their obligations, they borrow more money and put their children to work. Some workers started as the children of their indebted fathers. The children start working around the age of 7. ///Afghanistan kiln workers. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Men gather at sunset and describe their exploitation by the bosses at the kiln. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///Afghanistan kiln workers. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: Mir Ali, former director of the All Afghanistan labor union, and his son, at the brick kiln where they work. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///A young boy stands next to his father in the kiln yard. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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Kilns of Afghanistan
January 6, 2011, Surkhrod District, Afghanistan: A boy looks on as his father, Mir Ali, former director of the All Afghanistan labor union, describes the cycle of poverty that he is caught in. They both work in the kilns. The workers are coerced into a form of indentured servitude. Most borrow a sum of money from a "boss" to pay for a funeral, sickness or wedding. Once they become indebted to an kiln manager, they are obliged to continue working for years for very little money. Their contracts often state that their children must work too. The children start working around the age of 7. Very few of them go to school, most follow their fathers into the cycle of servitude. ///A young boy stands next to his father in the kiln yard. Credit: Michael Kamber / Polaris (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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(3)AFGHANISTAN-KABUL-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES-PRESS CONFERENCE
(090723) -- KABUL, July 23, 2009 (Xinhua) -- Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah (L) and Nasrullah Baryalai hold a joint press conference in Kabul July 23, 2009. Nasrullah Baryalai told the press conference that he has withdrawn from the upcoming presidential election in favor of Abdullah Abdullah. Afghanistan is scheduled to hold presidential election on Aug. 20. (Xinhua/Zabi Tamanna) (axy)
Xinhua News Agency / eyevine
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