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DUKAS_44312377_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: No-mans land at dusk looking into East Berlin. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312353_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: Children attend a class at Pergamon Museum in the city. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312335_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: A chair in a window of an abandoned building between east and west Berlin in the no-mans land area along the wall. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312327_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: East German school girls wait for a train at the Friedrichstrasse station. During the Cold War, Friedrichstrasse became famous for being a station that was located entirely in East Berlin, yet continued to be served by S-Bahn, U-Bahn trains from West Berlin as well as long distance trains from countries west of the Iron Curtain. The station also was a major border crossing between East and West Berlin. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312255_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: An East German guard at the `Memorial for the Fallen of the War¿, (originally The Neue Wache building) which was badly damaged in the Battle for Berlin in 1945, and afterward formed part of the Russian Zone, eventually East Germany. The memorial was guarded by DDR soldiers and recast as `Memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism¿. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312254_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: Diving into a branch of the river Spree outside of the Bode-Museum. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312247_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Workers doing sweltering street repair. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312241_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A child runs on the steps of the Reichstag building which originally opened in 1894. It was destroyed during WW II and after the 1990 reunification of Germany its restoration was completed in 1999. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312236_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Young Turkish children look out over the Spree river and a barrier intersecting West and East Berlin. Berlin has one of the largest Turkish populations outside of Turkey. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312235_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Shoes for sale at one of the large flea markets that would spring up during the summer months in the city. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312186_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Sun bathers on the banks on the Spree river. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312172_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A jogger running past the Reichstag building, which originally opened in 1894. It was destroyed during WW II and after the reunification of Germany in 1990 its restoration was completed in 1999. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312166_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: A worker cleaning gutters on a building roof. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312161_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A man riding a bicycle passes the steps of the Reichstag building, which originally opened in 1894. It was destroyed during WW II and its restoration was completed in 1999 after the reunification of Germany in 1990. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312157_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / DRG / DDR: A before and after the war Berlin exhibition poster in a city square. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312152_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: The contrast between East and West was striking, particularly around Kurfürstendamm, known locally as the Ku'damm. Young women relax on a Mercedes convertible outside of Mommenstrasse 2. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312148_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A young boy playing soccer stands against a graffiti covered playground wall. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312113_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Turks selling goods in the Kreuzberg section which was enclosed on three sides by the Berlin Wall. Kreuzberg has one of the largest Turkish populations outside of Turkey. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312102_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: An elegant black man stands at one of many Imbiss snack and news stands. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312087_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Demonstrators marching with anti police banner. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312081_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: An elegant black man stands at one of many Imbiss snack and news stands. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
DUKAS/POLARIS -
DUKAS_44312076_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Two young boys walk by the RIAS (Radio In the American Sector), a radio and television station during the Cold War. It was founded by the US occupational authorities after World War II in 1946 to provide the German population in and around Berlin with news and political reporting. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A man fishing on the Spree river from the West Berlin bank. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A circus performer with her seal doing tricks. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A resident of West Berlin sitting in his car loaded with bags takes a picture with his camera. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR / DRG: A propaganda message displayed in public space reads: Our active support of the Soviet Union's peace initiative. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: A priest walks by unrestored buildings. Many buildings remained virtually untouched since the end of Worl War II. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Boys playing video games next to a pool table and a Frank Zappa poster. Western influences were every where in West Berlin among the thriving cafe scene. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Families with children enjoy the summer on a lake beach providing an escape from life in an enclosed island. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A child playing at building sandcastles in the shadow of the wall. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Young Turkish children in the Kreuzberg section enclosed on three sides by the Berlin Wall. Kreuzberg has one of the largest Turkish populations outside of Turkey. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Daring young Berliners repairing a car engine on the street. Ingenuity kept both east and west Berlin alive as goods were more expensive than in western Europe. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Young Turkish children in the Kreuzberg section of west Berlin , it was once enclosed on three sides by the Berlin Wall. Kreuzberg has one of the largest Turkish populations outside of Turkey. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Graffiti referring to US President Ronald Reagan and his policy of stationing nuclear weapons in Germany. It was the hight of the cold war between the form allies in WW II, The United States and The Soviet Union who through proxy controlled most of Eastern Europe including East Germany, which surrounded Berlin. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Young Turkish children in the Kreuzberg section of west Berlin , it was once enclosed on three sides by the Berlin Wall. Kreuzberg has one of the largest Turkish populations outside of Turkey. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: A chair in a window of an abandoned building between east and west Berlin in the no-mans land area along the wall. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: A soprano saxophone player at the Allied and American troops gathering for a joint celebration of the United States independence day at the headquarters of The Berlin Brigade. The city was divided into 4 sections controlled by the Americans, British, French and Soviets. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Dancers dressed as southern belles, on a set of a paddle boat, performed for Allied and American troops at a joint celebration of the United States independence day at the Head Quarters of The Berlin Brigade. The city was divided into 4 sections, each sector controlled by the Americans, British, French and the Soviets. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Berlin police musical band performing on the street on a summer day. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Stocking up for an outing at one of the cities parks food stand. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: The Brandenburg Gate, closed to traffic, divided east and west Berlin. Vehicles and pedestrians could travel freely through the gate, located in East Berlin, until the Berlin Wall was built, in August, 1961. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: The Brandenburg Gate divided east and west Berlin. Vehicles and pedestrians could travel freely through the gate, located in East Berlin, until the Berlin Wall was built, in August, 1961. The Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: French and American troops gather for a joint celebration of the United States independence day at the Head Quarters of The Berlin Brigade. The city was divided into 4 sections, each sector controlled by the Americans, British, French and the Soviets. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311753_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Security Police checking out a punk girl during a demonstration. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311737_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: The North Vietnamese embassy displaying the portrait of President Ho Chi Minh along with photographs touting the socialist state. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311715_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: The Neue Synagogue which was burned during Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938 but the blaze was put out before much damage was done. The Nazis occupied the building in 1940 and desecrated the Synagogue by using it for storage. The Synagogue sustained severe damage by Allied bombs during the war and for years it was left as an empty shell. Restoration began in 1988 and the Synagogue was reopened on May 7, 1995, the 50th anniversary of the German surrender. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311698_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: The swimming pool at the 1936 Olympic stadium. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311652_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: Hip in their 1950's American styled clothing and hair, fashion was the word of the day with young western Berliners. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
ZUSAMMENSTELLUNG: Berlin: 25 Jahre Mauerfall - vor dem 9.11.1989
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DUKAS_44311645_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - East Berlin, East Germany / GDR / DDR: An East German border guard stands watch over a train at the Friedrichstrasse station. During the Cold War, Friedrichstrasse became famous for being a station that was located entirely in East Berlin, yet continued to be served by S-Bahn, U-Bahn trains from West Berlin as well as long distance trains from countries west of the Iron Curtain. The station also was a major border crossing between East and West Berlin. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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DUKAS_44311617_POL
When Berlin was divided
1983 - West Berlin, West Germany / FRG / BRD: In 1971, on the tenth anniversary of the construction of the Wall, a group of private citizens called the ¿Berliner Bürger-Verein¿ established the ¿Weisse Kreuze¿ (White Crosses) memorial site at the point where, until 1990, the outer wall met the riverbank. The Berlin Wall, running 96 miles, was built by socialist German Democratic Republic to enclose and divide the city during the Cold War. Construction started August 13, 1961, completely cutting off West Berlin. It included guard towers placed along concrete walls, which circumscribed anti-vehicle trenches, and other defenses. Berlin was carved up and ruled by Post WW II powers: United states, France, Great Britain and Soviet Union. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin, and about 200 trying to defect were killed by East German police. West Berlin was an oasis, an outpost of democracy in the middle of Communist East Germany. In 1989, a series of radical political liberalization changes occurred in Europe's Eastern Bloc. After weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on November 9 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Berliners in a celebratory atmosphere. Subsequently, euphoric public and souvenir hunters chipped away parts of the wall and the governments later removed most of what was left. The fall of the Berlin Wall paved the way for the formal German reunification on October 3, 1990. (David Berkwitz/Polaris) (FOTO:DUKAS/POLARIS)
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